Evaluation and Characterization of Brown Mustard Accessions for Yield Contributing Traits

Abstract

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is an important source of oil in Pakistan and is known for its pest resistance and short duration which may fit well in triple cropping system in the province of Punjab. Therefore, study aims to make comparisons among germplasm accessions and elite varieties available for cultivation in Pakistan. The present research was performed to evaluate 45 genotypes of Raya (Brassica juncea L.) for yield contributing and related traits. The study employs a split-plot design, with 2 sowing dates and varieties as main and subplots, using three replications in the field research area of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha (2022-2023). Experimental accessions such as 24037, 19511, 24087 and 24067 show early germination and flowering than all other genotypes. But not a single genotype of them showed good harvested yield and harvest index, G44 (Faisalabad Mustard) and G45 (FMC Raya) also displayed good biomass and seed yield at harvested stage. G11 (24042), G38 (24057), G18 (22854) and G3 (24037) showed maximum 1000 seed weight and only G38 performed good and showed excellent harvested yield among other genotypes. G42 (Raya Anmol), G3 (24087) and G33 (Super Raya) showed maximum plant height. In this research we assume that those genotypes which showed maximum height do not display good yield. Genotypes G38, G33, G36, and G34 showed maximum pods per plant but only G38 of them show maximum yield because of its maximum seed weight. G3, G34 and G40 show maximum seeds per pod. From this, we can have concluded that G34 has both maximum seeds per pod and pods per plant but do not show maximum seed yield because of its small seed size and less weight. G2, G9, G28 and G26 showed maximum oil content among studied genotypes. G44, G45, G23 and G38 show maximum harvested yield and performed well overall, showing their potential for enhanced agricultural productivity.