Research

Load-Aware and Priority Adaptive Traffic Congestion Control Method in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

Ermias Melku Tadesse, Samuel Asferaw Demilew — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract-Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) are a subset of mobile ad hoc networks used to communicate between vehicles and infrastructure. During vehicular congestion communication, nodes compete to acquire channels, causing the channels to become congested. The congestion on the vehicle network results in increased delay and packet loss, resulting in reduced VANET performance. To address this problem, we developed a load-aware and priority adaptive traffic congestion control method in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The proposed scheme identifies less-congested road segments based on the network's load and reduces traffic congestion by suggesting other routes between nearby roadside units (RSUs). This research aims to improve the efficiency of the vehicular environment by utilizing the movement of vehicles with (RSUs) and sharing the traffic load between them. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocol in reducing congestion and enhancing the overall performance of VANETs. To validate the proposed algorithm, we have implemented and tested the proposed algorithm using Network Simulator 3 (NS3) for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication scenarios and computed the performance of the algorithm on different parameters of the network. The simulation result of the proposed load aware and priority adaptive traffic congestion control method in VANET improved the packet delivery ratio, packet lost ratio, and end-to-end delay by 96%, 4.1%, and 1102 milliseconds, when compared to TDCCA value of 92%, 5.7%, and 1154 milliseconds, respectively.

Complex and High-Risk Percutaneous Intervention Assisted By Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)

Kifayat Ullah, Liu Bin — Fri, 06 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Despite improvements in percutaneous coronary artery techniques (PCI) and equipment, traditional PCI alone is still insufficient to manage complex and high-risk lesions due to increased risk of major adverse cardiac events, including myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and death. In recent years, the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during PCI has emerged as a potential solution to manage complex and high-risk lesions.

Objective: To examine the in-hospital and 1-year clinical outcomes in patients who underwent complex, high-risk PCI with VA-ECMO support.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent elective complex and high-risk PCI with hemodynamic support provided by VA-ECMO from 2018 to 2022. Rates of VA-ECMO related complications, complications related to PCI, death, and MACCE events during hospitalization and after one-year follow-up were analyzed.

Results: A total of 81 patients (Average age: 62.74 ±10.807 years) underwent complex and high-risk PCI assisted with ECMO. The VA-ECMO support was provided for an average of 21.0 hours (With a range of 1-312). Intra-aortic Balloon Pump IABP support was provided in 32.1% of patients. The pre-and post-PCI SYNTAX scores of the patients were 39.92 ± (6.4) and 6.04 ± (9.25), respectively (P ˂0.001). Most of the patients had triple-vessel coronary disease (47%). Interoperated complications include Cardiac Tamponade (N=1,1.2%), Acute Myocardial Infarction (N=6,7.2%), Cardiogenic Shock (N=2,2.4%), Cardiac Arrest (N=2,2.4%), Arrhythmias malignant in nature which required electro cardioversion (2,2.4%), Ventricular tachycardia (N=1,1.2%), Non-infectious multiple organ failure MODS(N=1,1.2%), Aortic Dissection Type-A (N=1,1.2%). Blood hemoglobin Pre- CHIP assisted VA-ECMO PCI and Post-procedure were 136.17 ± 21.479 g/L and 106.67 ± 19.103 g/L respectively P<0.001). eGFR pre and post-PCI were 67.22 ± 26.85 and 60.09 ± 27.78 respectively (<0.002), Pre and Post PCI EF were 38.69 ± 13.65 and 43.55 ± 13.72 respectively (<0.001), During hospitalization the outcomes for the CHIP assisted by ECMO procedure include Death (N=16,19.8%), Inguinal Hematoma (N=2,2.5%), Bleeding from the punctured site (N=2,2.5%), Pseudoaneurysm (N=1,1.2%), Cerebral Infarction(N=1,1.2%), Subarachnoid hemorrhage (N=1,1.2%). Lower limb ischemia, acute renal injury, and Bacteremia were not observed in any of the hospitalized patient. Hemoglobin level (Hb) was decline in 72.8% of patients requiring blood transfusion therapy was (N=59). Survival at discharge (Healthy) was (N=65, 80.2%). In 1 year of follow-up, six patients died (6, 7.5%), including 1 patient who died of ventricular fibrillation after discharge, 1 patient died of aortic stenosis after 1 month of high-risk PCI, 1 patient died of terminal illness, 1 patient had recurrent acute myocardial infarction 6 months after PCI (stent restenosis), another died of acute heart failure after 28 days, and another died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

Conclusion: ECMO-assisted support during high-risk PCI is a safe and effective strategy for achieving revascularization in complex and high-risk coronary artery lesions in patients who are not candidates for CABG. The use of VA-ECMO resulted in minimal complications and low rates of MACCE during hospitalization and one-year follow-up. Further research is needed to determine the optimal timing for VA-ECMO initiation

Unveiling the Ripple Effect: Exploring the Dynamics of Financial Performance on Credit Risk Management in Islamic Banking

Muhammad Saeed Iqbal, Sofi Mohd Fikri — Sun, 04 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study aims to investigate how credit risk management practices affect Islamic banks' financial performance, with a focus on identifying key variables such as AFR and NPF. This study investigates how financial performance influences credit risk management in Islamic banks, emphasizing ripple effects.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing longitudinal data (2019-2023) from annual reports of five major Islamic banks in Pakistan. Key variables such as ROA, NPF, and AFR are analyzed using long-term co-integration analysis to assess their impact on financial performance.

Findings: The study finds that AFR has a significant positive effect on ROA, indicating its crucial role in enhancing financial performance in Islamic banks. Conversely, NPF negatively impacts ROE, highlighting the challenges posed by credit risk in Islamic banking operations.

Research Limitations/Implications: Limitations include the reliance on financial data from annual reports, which may not fully capture real-time dynamics. Future research could incorporate qualitative methods to deepen understanding of managerial practices in credit risk management.

Social Implications: The findings underscore the importance of robust credit risk management practices in Islamic banks to maintain stakeholder trust and stability in financial markets, contributing to broader economic resilience.

Practical Implications: Practically, the study informs Islamic banking practitioners and regulators about the critical role of AFR in enhancing financial performance and the need for effective NPF management to mitigate risks and sustain profitability.

Originality/Value: This research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the dynamics between credit risk management and financial performance specifically in Islamic banking contexts, offering insights relevant to stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers.

Peace and Justice in Urdu and Punjabi Poetry

Sun, 15 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Peace is a satisfaction, so much peace, comfort, live together and the well-being of others. Assalam alekum does not just mean that Salam is upon you but it also means that you are safe from my side. In practice, this training is given to a Muslim That he should give the message of peace and security in the Society. Stay away from terror and violence be so fair and refrain from oppression. That is why in Islam the murder of one human being is considered the murder of entire humanity. Allah says that whoever hurts people has hurt Allah. The person who does not have mercy on people, Allah does not have mercy on him.

Effect of Interval Training upon Muscular Endurance of University Students

Sun, 04 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The healthy life is based upon the health related physical fitness. A quality life and routines is achieved by means of physical fitness, which is the need of all the people of all ages, sex and professions. Muscular endurance is key component of physical fitness. The study in hand aimed to investigate the effects of interval training upon the muscular endurance of the university students. The population of the study was the university’s students living in hostels of Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan. A sample of thirty students (n=30) was chosen. The he Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) was used to collect the data.The sample was divided into two groups. One was the experimental and the other was the control group. The pre test data was on muscular endurance was collected through one minute push-ups. The experimental group was given three days consecutive interval training for eight (8) weeks. The control group was left at their general routines. After training the post data was calculated and the push- ups test was again taken. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) and inferential statistics (independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test) with a significance level of 0.05. The analyzed data prevailed that the interval training has significantly improved the muscular endurance of the participants, while the no improvements had seen in the control group.

Qualities of a Good Researcher in Urdu

Fri, 13 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Research is an endeavor in which the factors of scientific discovery, verification and promotion are included. The process of research is bound by various regulations and limitations and certain qualities are also very important for the person carrying out this process, i. e. the researcher. Different critics and academicians have laid down different rules for the researcher. This article is about the qualities of a good researcher. Honesty is extremely important in the characteristics of the researcher. Research process requires selfless hard work and dedication. It is important to adopt a non-emotional approach to research. The researcher should avoid haste and impatience. The importance of curiosity in the characteristics of the researcher cannot be denied. Consistency is important in the content and arguments presented by researcher and it is also important to keep in mind the continuity under the topic. The researcher should have a scientific temperament, the ability to describe the facts with all the details and make precise decisions requires a scientific approach. Absent mind and weak memory have bad effects on the results of the research. Article concludes that a good researcher should have all the above qualities for better and serious research.

The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training (Hiit) On the Aerobic Capacity of National Football Players

Thu, 08 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Football is the world’s most popular game in number of participants and spectators. Simple in its principal rules and essential equipment, the sport can be played almost everywhere, from official football playing fields to gymnasiums, streets, school playgrounds, parks or beaches. The training of this prestigious sport transformed from endurance to high-intensity bursts internationally, that need to be implemented in developing countries like Pakistan.

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to determine the impact of high-intensity interval training on the cardiovascular fitness of national football players determined through aerobic capacity.

Methodology: This was an 8weeks experimental study, wherein a total of 36 professional football male players, aged between 18 to 35 years were recruited who went through a high-intensity interval training program. The athletes with any trauma, injury were excluded from this study. The trainers and coaches were also excluded. A total of 40 training sessions (5 sessions per week) were conducted with each session lasted for 90 minutes. The pre-post analysis of cardiovascular fitness was analyzed through the SPSS-25 version. The results were presented in graphs and tables.

Results: Results showed that there was a significant impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the Aerobic capacity of players. The null hypothesis was rejected based on the results of one sample t-test (p-value<0.005).

Conclusion: This study concludes that eight-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) significantly improved the cardiovascular fitness of national football players.

Frequencies of IL-28B-rs12979860 and rs8099917 variants and the role of IL-28B-rs12979860 as predictors of response in HCV patients in case of direct acting antiviral therapy

Dr. Sajid Ali (Corresponding author), Nourin Mahmood, Fazal Jalil, Naila Imtiaz — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The treatment outcomes in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are attributed to various factors like viral load, viral genotype, ethnicity, and host genome. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the genetic frequencies of IL-28B-rs12979860 and rs8099917 variants and to explore the role IL-28B-rs12979860 as predictors of therapeutic response in direct acting antiviral therapy. Two study subjects, chronic HCV patients (182) and control individuals (59), were recruited in this project. The patients were initially diagnosed through ELISA (Biotech-USA); however, active, and non-active infection status of the patients was determined through Real Time PCR (Amplisense-HCV FRT, Russia). Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood using silica spin column extraction kit (MN, Germany) followed by genotyping of two SNPs IL-28B-rs12979860 C/T and IL-28B-rs8099917 T/G using a real time PCR assay (Amplisense HCV FRT, Russia). The genotype frequency of IL-28B-rs12979860 was significant in co-dominant [χ2 =13.78; P=0.001], homozygous dominant (TT vs CC+CT) [OR=3.903 (0.123-0.519); P=0.0002], homozygous recessive (CC vs TT+CT) [OR=0.322 (0.160-0.625); P=0.0016], and additive C vs T) [OR=0.354 (0.22-0.572); P<0.0001] models. Similarly, a significant genotype distribution of IL-28B-rs8099917 was observed in co-dominant [χ²=16.53; P=0.0003], homozygous dominant (GG vs TT+GT) [OR= 2.304 (1.03- 5.11); P=0.04], homozygous recessive (TT vs GG+GT) [OR=0.222 (0.108-0.476); P=0.00], and additive (T vs G) [OR= 0.361 (0.221-0.591); P<0.0001] models. Furthermore, we found that out of the total 101 chronic HCV patients, 80 (79.2%) showed SVR while 21 (21.8%) did not achieve SVR and were called as relapsed patients’ group. Thus, evaluating response of certain genotype of IL-28B-rs12979860 to direct-acting antiviral (DAA), the TT genotype was observed 33 (71.7%) in SVR and 13 (28.3%) in relapsed patients. However, CC genotype was found 23 (95.8%) and 1 (4.2%) in SVR and relapsed patients, respectively. While CT genotype was 24 (77.4%) in SVR and 7 (22.6%) in relapsed patients.