Socio-Cultural Determinants associated with the Implementation of Expanded Program on Immunization in Kasur District

Abstract

Low immunization coverage is widely recognized as a contributing factor to the occurrence and spread of epidemic diseases. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the socio-cultural barriers that hinder the effectiveness of the expanded program on immunization (EPI) in the Kasur district. The choice of Kasur district as the study population was deliberate, as the local community in this area has been grappling with low coverage of routine immunization due to a range of socio-cultural obstacles. To gather data for the study, a convenient sampling technique was utilized to select a sample of 228 mothers residing in the rural union councils of the Kasur district. A self-structured questionnaire was employed as the data collection tool. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were employed in the research. The findings of the study indicated that 30% of the surveyed respondents reported vaccinating their children, highlighting a concerning low rate of vaccination. The results also demonstrated a significant correlation between a mother's education, awareness, and positive vaccination status. Additionally, the study revealed a notable association between the pattern of residence and knowledge about immunization. The impact of socio-cultural barriers faced by the residents of the Kasur district is evident, as reflected in the increased rates of child mortality and morbidity. Lack of knowledge and awareness of the importance of immunization emerge were prominent factors contributing to the low coverage of routine immunization. The result of the study suggested that there should be community-level awareness sessions regarding the benefits, importance and schedule of immunization.